Enhance understanding of the multifactorial mechanisms underlying severe asthma and united airway diseases, emphasizing the interplay among triggers, airway inflammation, and epithelial signaling across both upper and lower airway pathology. Highlight the pivotal role of epithelial cytokines in linking complex immune responses in asthma and nasal polyps, and discuss the clinical implications of immunologic heterogeneity and emerging precision treatments for improved diagnosis and management.

從 united airway disease 和複雜型 type 2 發炎的角度，探討 severe asthma（嚴重氣喘）的治療方向，以及臨床上 nasal polyps 共病對氣喘控制的影響。內容著重於了解 upper 與 lower airway 病理機制的差異，且兩者發炎前在對氣喘治療的影響；再延伸至各種 triggers 造成的發炎反應和臨床多種type 2發炎路徑和epithelial cytokines（上皮細胞激素）的關聯。深入討論 epithelial cytokines 在複雜型 type 2 severe asthma 和 nasal polyps 這類疾病的核心角色，還有用 epithelial cytokines 精準抑制發炎源頭的臨床重要性。

Enhance understanding of the multifactorial mechanisms underlying severe asthma and united airway diseases, emphasizing the interplay among triggers, airway inflammation, and epithelial signaling across both upper and lower airway pathology. Highlight the pivotal role of epithelial cytokines in linking complex immune responses in asthma and nasal polyps, and discuss the clinical implications of immunologic heterogeneity and emerging precision treatments for improved diagnosis and management.

從 united airway disease 和複雜型 type 2 發炎的角度，探討 severe asthma（嚴重氣喘）的治療方向，以及臨床上 nasal polyps 共病對氣喘控制的影響。內容著重於了解 upper 與 lower airway 病理機制的差異，且兩者發炎前在對氣喘治療的影響；再延伸至各種 triggers 造成的發炎反應和臨床多種type 2發炎路徑和epithelial cytokines（上皮細胞激素）的關聯。深入討論 epithelial cytokines 在複雜型 type 2 severe asthma 和 nasal polyps 這類疾病的核心角色，還有用 epithelial cytokines 精準抑制發炎源頭的臨床重要性。