In this Grand Rounds presentation, we will explore three mesothelioma cases to elucidate common pleural and pulmonary diseases. Through a comprehensive review spanning the anatomy of the pleura, the physiology of pleural diseases, and the pivotal role of occupational asbestos exposure, attendees will gain insights into the diagnostic challenges and treatment modalities of mesothelioma. This session aims not only to inform about mesothelioma itself but to enhance our overall approach and critical thinking regarding pulmonary health. Targeted at healthcare professionals, this talk will serve as a primer on effectively managing and understanding various pleural conditions.