Hospital-acquired (or nosocomial) pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) are important causes of morbidity and mortality despite improved antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and prevention
The treatment of HAP, VAP, and HCAP will be reviewed here. The diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, risk factors, and prevention of HAP, VAP, and HCAP are discussed separately