2019-07-10 (三) 12:30 ~ 13:30

Physiological monitoring is the cornerstone of critical care; it allows for identifying hemodynamic instability and assessing response to therapy. Utility of most hemodynamic monitoring remains unproven and rather serves as a trigger for detection of cardiorespiratory instability. Some have argued that utility can only be proven if linked to a treatment protocol improving outcome. Noninvasive physiological monitoring includes electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry, and arterial blood pressure measurement. Invasive monitoring includes arterial catheterization, central venous catheterization, pulmonary artery catheterization, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, and esophageal Doppler echocardiography .